Medical Science
What it is and How to Treat
Acne
Acne is one of the most common skin conditions treated. It can appear as whiteheads, clogged pores, inflamed papules, deep cysts, or overactive oil glands. Common causes include excess sebum (oil) production, overgrowth of acne-causing bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes), hormonal fluctuations, and skin inflammation.
Understanding both the type and cause of acne is essential for creating an effective treatment plan for healthy skin. Dermatologists often start with a customized skincare routine and may recommend topical treatments, oral medications, hormonal therapy, or advanced options like chemical peels, light therapy, or laser treatments.
Because acne can be influenced by nutrition, gut microbiome balance, and overall skin health, we take a holistic approach. Prompt dermatologic care not only improves skin clarity but also helps prevent permanent acne scars.
Autoimmune
Autoimmune skin disorders occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to chronic skin inflammation and a variety of symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, scaly patches, ulcers, or firm bumps. Disorders such as lupus, sjogrens, celiac, and dermatomyositis can also affect other organs, causing systemic symptoms like fatigue and joint pain. Early diagnosis and coordinated care with dermatologists and other specialists are essential to manage inflammation and improve both skin health and overall well-being.
Eczema
Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a broad term for an inflammatory skin condition. It causes redness, dryness, flaking, and intense itching, and may has many subtypes, including:
A topic - chronic, immune-related eczema often linked to asthma, allergies, and sinus issues
Contact - triggered by allergens or irritants
Nummular – coin shaped dry patches
Stasis - linked to poor circulation and edema
Medication related
Asteatotic - linked to dry skin
Treatments for all forms focus on calming the triggered immune system and come in the formulations of IV, oral, injectables and topicals as well as phototherapy. . Dermatologists also emphasize barrier repair skincare, allergen reduction, and lifestyle adjustments to help prevent flare-ups and keep skin healthy long-term.
Hair Loss
Hair loss, known as alopecia, can affect any area here hair follicles are present. Dermatologists classify hair loss as scarring (cicatricial) or non-scarring.
Scarring hair loss results from inflammation that permanently damages hair follicles. It may present with redness, scaling, tenderness, or burning sensations during its active phase. Common causes include autoimmune disorders, inflammatory scalp conditions, infections, or physical injury. Once follicles are destroyed, regrowth is not possible
Non-scarring hair loss is far more common and includes patterned hair loss (androgenetic alopecia), telogen effluvium (shedding from stress, illness, or medication), and hair thinning due to nutritional deficiencies or hormonal changes. Regrowth is often possible with timely intervention.
Treatment options include topicals, oral medications, injectables, PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapy, and lifestyle modifications to support healthy hair growth.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare but aggressive skin cancer that often presents as a fast-growing, painless nodule. It is linked to two major risk factors: chronic harmful UV exposure as well as polyomavirus. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, aiming to remove the tumor with clear margins and if advanced, the treatment can be combined with radiation and immunotherapy to lower the risk of recurrence.
Patch Testing
Patch testing is a diagnostic tool used in dermatology to identify specific ingredients that may be causing allergic skin reactions, such as contact dermatitis. During the test, small amounts of common allergens are applied to the skin, usually on the back, using adhesive patches. These patches remain in place for 48 hours, and the skin is then evaluated for any signs of irritation or blistering reaction over the following days.
Patch testing can identify sensitivities to:
Fragrances in cosmetics, shampoos, and lotions
Metals such as nickel and cobalt (commonly found in jewelry, watches, or clothing fasteners)
Preservatives used in personal care and household products
Topical medications including antibiotic ointments and corticosteroids
Rubber or adhesives in gloves, sports equipment, and medical supplies
The test is safe, noninvasive and helpful.
Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment that uses a special photosensitizing medication that is applied to the skin and absorbed, targeting and destroying abnormal or precancerous skin cells. It is then activated by a specific light wavelength.
PDT offers the benefit of minimal downtime and preserves healthy skin while effectively treating affected areas.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic overactive immune condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, leading to thick, scaly patches that are often red, inflamed, and itchy. These patches / plaques typically appear on the scalp and extensor surfaces of extremities or has rarer presentations in folds or palms and soles. Psoriasis is not contagious, and its severity can range from mild to debilitating. Triggers may include stress, infections, cold weather, and certain medications. While there is currently no cure, there are highly effective treatments that can reduce inflammation, slow skin cell growth, and improve skin appearance.
These may include:
Topical treatments (corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, medicated shampoos)
Phototherapy (narrowband UVB light)
Systemic medications (methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin)
Biologic therapies targeting the immune system (IL-17, IL-23, TNF-alpha inhibitors)
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder that attacks melanocytes, pigment-producing cells of the skin causing white patches (depigmentation). It can appear anywhere on the body and often progresses over time. While the exact cause is unknown, vitiligo can be associated with genetics, autoimmune conditions, thyroid disorders, stress, sunburn, and nutritional deficiencies (such as low iron). Though vitiligo is not contagious or physically harmful, it can have a profound emotional impact.
Treatment focuses on reducing skin inflammation and stimulating repigmentation. Options include anti-inflammatory creams and narrowband UVB light therapy. For cosmetic improvement, skin camouflage makeup and medical tattooing can help blend skin tone.